An analysis of QSel gradient duration and amplitude effects on lactate and lipid signal is presented. This is followed by 1-cm3 resolution lactate imaging with detection to 5-mM concentration in 20 min on a 3-T clinical scanner. Hadamard slice selection is explained and demonstrated in vivo. We implemented a three-dimensional selective homonuclear multiple quantum coherence transfer version with Hadamard slice selection and two-dimensional phase encoding (Hadamard encoded-selective homonuclear multiple quantum coherence transfer-chemical shift imaging) on a conventional clinical MR scanner. The selective homonuclear multiple quantum coherence transfer technique offers a method for distinguishing lipid and lactate resonances. In conclusion, the Hadamard encoded-selective homonuclear multiple quantum coherence transfer-chemical shift imaging sequence is demonstrated on a phantom and in two lipid-rich, clinically relevant, in vivo conditions.Ībstract = "Lactate is an important metabolite in normal and malignant tissues detectable by NMR spectroscopy however, it has been difficult to clinically detect the lactate methyl resonance because it is obscured by lipid resonances. As a test of selective homonuclear multiple quantum coherence transfer sensitivity, a thigh tourniquet was applied to a normal volunteer and an increase in lactate was detected immediately after tourniquet flow constriction. The elevated lactate signal coincides with the T 2-weighted image of this tumor. To demonstrate clinical feasibility, a 5-min lactate scan of a patient with a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the superficial thigh is reported. This is followed by 1-cm 3 resolution lactate imaging with detection to 5-mM concentration in 20 min on a 3-T clinical scanner. Lactate is an important metabolite in normal and malignant tissues detectable by NMR spectroscopy however, it has been difficult to clinically detect the lactate methyl resonance because it is obscured by lipid resonances.
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